Topic 1 Year 9 biology
| Biology | |||
| Topic | Genes 2 | ||
| No of lessons | 13 | ||
| When is it happening | Term 1 Year 9 | ||
| What will students learn | Students need to be able to explain that organisms have adaptations that help them survive in their environment. Describe the principles of Darwin’s theory of natural selection. Evalulate whether evidence for a species changing over time may support the theory of natural selection. Evaluate the contribution made by Charles Darwin to our knowledge of evolution through natural selection. Investigate how the biodiversity of an ecosystem can be measured and evaluate different methods of preserving animal and plant species. Explain the term extinction and give examples of organisms which are now extinct. Explain how variation between individuals is important for the survival of that species in a changing environment. Explain the importance of DNA, genes and chromosomes in inheritance. Know how to draw a diagram to show the relationship between DNA, chromosomes and genes. Explain the roles of Watson, Crick and Franklin in the discovery of DNA. Explain how sex is determined using diagrams to show the inheritance of X and Y chromosomes. Explain why offspring from the same parents are similar but not usually identical. Explain, the effect of changes in DNA on an organism and its future offspring. Describe how the number of chromosomes changes during mitosis and meiosis. Research the human genome project and suggest benefits that have arisen or may arise from it. Describe examples of genetic modification and discuss arguments for and against the process. | ||
| Key Knowledge that students should know at the end of 'Topic' | This is the knowledge that students will meet for the first time in this topic | Students should be able to apply the knowledge of how different organisms have features that allows then to become adapted to their environment. Explain the principles of Darwin’s theory of natural selection. Describe how the horse has changed over time so that it survived in a changing environment. Explain the contribution made by Charles Darwin to our knowledge of evolution through natural selection. Students need to be able to explain the evidence for a common ancestor which is provided by the pentadactyl limb. Explain how organisms have become extinct and the factors that will have contributed to extinction. Explain how variation between individuals is important for the survival of that species in a changing environment. Explain the importance of DNA, genes and chromosomes in inheritance. Describe how Watson's, Crick's and Franklin's work in discovering DNA. Define the terms genome, haploid, diploid, allele, homozygous, heterozygous, dominant, recessive. Define the terms mutation and carcinogen and the effect of changes in DNA on an organism and its future offspring. Explain how genetic modification works, the benefits and drawbacks of using it. Describe and compare the processes of mitosis and meiosis. | |
| This is knowledge that students may have met before but will need to deepen their understanding | Students should have basic knowledge of certain plants and animals that live and are adapted to particular habitats. Basic understanding that living things have changed over time and that fossils provide information about living things that inhabited the Earth millions of years ago. Living things can produce offspring that can be similar but not identical to their parents/siblings. Identify how certain plant and animal species are adapted to their environments over time | ||
| Key Skills that students should be able to demonstrate at the end of 'Topic' | This is the skills that students will meet for the first time in this topic | Drawing and interpreting genetic cross diagrams. How to identify patterns in data and to draw an appropriate graph of the data. | |
| This is skills that students may have met before but will need to develop | Students may have some experience of drawing charts and graphs and interpreting patterns from them. | ||
| Key vocabulary that students should know and understand |
Adaptation, camouflage, evolution, population, competition, species, natural selection, variation, ecosystem, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, extinction, species, predator, prey, inherit, DNA, genome, haploid, diploid, chromosomes , gene, alleles, inherited characteristics, genotype, phenotype, dominant, recessive, homozygous dominant, homozygous recessive, heterozygous, mutation, genetic disorders, communicable diseases, carrier, sufferer, mitosis, meiosis, parent cell, daughter cells, genetic modification, biodiversity, ecosystems, creationism, pentadactyl, carcinogens, malignant, benign. |
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| The Big Question | How have organisms evolved over time due to their genetic makeup and changes to the environment? | ||
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Key questions that students should be able to answer at the end of the 'Topic' |
How are different organisms adapted to their environments? | ||
| What is natural selection? | |||
| Who is Charles Darwin and what was his theory about evolution? | |||
| Why is biodiversity important to stop extinction of organisms? | |||
| What is extinction? | |||
| What adaptations do predators and prey inherit? | |||
| What is the importance of DNA, genes and chromosomes in inheritance? | |||
| How do offspring inherit different genes from their parents? | |||
| What causes mutations and what are their effects? | |||
| What is mitosis and meiosis? | |||
| What is the human genome project and genetic modification? | |||